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Stavudine

admin — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 13:11:49 +0000

Stavudine (trade name Zerit) is an anti-HIV treatment in the class of drugs called Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs).
Chemical IUPAC Name: 1-[(2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione
Synonyms: D4T, DHT, Ddethd, Ddetyd, Estavudina, STV, Sanilvudine, Stavudine, Zerit
Chemical Formula: C10H12N2O4
Molecular Weight: 224.216 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 3056-17-5
Melting Point: 159 – 160 C
Solubility in water: 5-10 g/100 mL at 21 C
Canonical SMILES: CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2C=CC(O2)CO
Isomeric SMILES: CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2C=C[C@H](O2)CO
InChIKey Identifier: XNKLLVCARDGLGL-ATTKCSSXDC
Safety (MSDS) data for stavudine:
http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/ST/stavudine.html

Stavudine has the following structural formula:

Stavudine is a nucleoside analogue of thymidine. It is phosphorylated by cellular kinases into active triphosphate. Stavudine triphosphate inhibits the HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with natural substrate, thymidine triphosphate. It also causes termination of viral DNA synthesis by incorporating into it.

Synthesis Reference:
1) J. P. Horwitz, J. Org. Chem. (1996) 31, 205
2) Joshi, Bhalchandra V. et al.; J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1; 19; 2537-2544 (1992)

CGK733

admin — Tue, 29 Jun 2010 11:14:27 +0000

CGK733 was discovered by screening a library of 20,000 synthetic molecules for their effects on aging cells. Tae Kook Kim and colleagues at Korea’s Advanced Institute of Science & Technology report that CGK733 can extend the lifetime of cultured cells by approximately 20 divisions, or roughly 25%.

Chemical IUPAC Name: 2,2-Di(phenyl)-N-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)carbamothioylamino]ethyl]acetamide
Synonyms: CGK733, CGK 733
Chemical Formula: C23H18Cl3FN4O3S
Molecular Weight: 555.85 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 905973-89-9
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)NC(=S)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)F)[N+](=O)[O-]
InChIKey Identifier: HLCDNLNLQNYZTK-WRPLANPYCS

CGK733 has the following structural formula:

CGK733 is the first small molecule that can reverse aspects of cell senescence. Genetic techniques have been used to do so in the past. But what makes CGK733 unique is that its antiaging properties are reversible: When CGK733 is removed, cells return to normal aging and death.
This feature makes CGK733 more of a dimmer switch than an on/off switch and gives the molecule potential as a drug lead, Kim says. “Knocking out a protein’s function entirely can lead to terrible side effects. The dimmer switch characteristic provides a window for dosage.”
The synthesis of CGK733:

References: http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/84/i25/8425notw4.html

Hydralazine

admin — Sun, 27 Jun 2010 21:48:19 +0000

Hydralazine hydrochloride is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to treat hypertension by acting as a vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles. By relaxing vascular smooth muscle, vasodilators act to decrease peripheral resistance, thereby lowering blood pressure.
Chemical IUPAC Name: 1(2H)-Phthalazinone hydrazone hydrochloride
Synonyms: Hydralazine hydrochloride, Apresoline, 1-Hydrazinophthalazine monohydrochloride
Chemical Formula: C8H8N4
Molecular Weight: 160.178 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 86-54-4 (Hydralazine), 304-20-1 (Hydralazine hydrochloride)
Melting Point: 275 C
Solubility in water: 1 g/125 ml
Solubility in ethanol: 1g/ 500 ml
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=NN=C2NN
InChIKey Identifier: RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-WXRBYKJCCB
Hydralazine has the following structural formula:

Synthesis Reference:
1) Druey and Ringier, “Hydrazinderivate der Phtalazin- und Pyridazinreihe” Helvetica Chimica Acta, vol. 34(21), 195-210 (1951).
2) Butula et al, “Eine neue Methode zur Gewinnung von 1-Hydrazino-phthalazin” Croatica Chemica Acta, vol. 52(1), 43-45 (1979).